| Class | Element technology |
|---|---|
| Physicochemical properties | Solubility (kinetic, thermodynamic) |
| Chemical stability (Buffer, Biorelevant media) | |
| Thermodynamic solubility | |
| Permeability | PAMPA assay |
| Caco-2 cells permeability | |
| Protein binding | Plasma (Equilibrium dialysis, Ultrafiltration) |
| Albumin, Alpha-glycoprotein (Equilibrium dialysis, Ultrafiltration) | |
| Microsomal binding | |
| Metabolism study | Plasma stability |
| Microsomal stability | |
| S9 stability | |
| Hepatocyte stability | |
| Metabolite profiling and Met ID (in vitro) | |
| Metabolite profiling and Met ID (in vivo) | |
| Reactive metabolite formation (GSH trapping) | |
| CYP Phenotyping (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4/5) | |
| UGT Phenotyping (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7, 2B15) | |
| Phenotyping_metabolite formation | |
| Non-CYP (FMO, CES, NAT, SULT 외) | |
| Transport study | ABC transport phenotyping (efflux transporters) |
| SLC transport phenotyping (uptake transporters) | |
| Peptide based uptake transport phenotyping (PEPT1/2, SMVT) | |
| SLC transport phenotyping in Xenopus oocytes (OATPs, OATs, OCTs, MATEs) | |
| Cryopreserved hepatocytes uptake | |
| Hepatic excretion by Sandwich cultured hepatocytes | |
| Enzyme Inhibition | CYP Inhibition (Screening, IC50 assay) |
| CYP inhibition (Ki assay) | |
| UGT Inhibition (Screening, IC50 assay) | |
| UGT inhibition (Ki assay) | |
| Time-Dependent Inhibition (IC50 shift assay) | |
| Time-Dependent Inhibition (Ki and Kinact) | |
| Transporter Inhibition | ABC transporter inhibition (efflux transporters_accumulation) |
| ABC transporter inhibition (efflux transporters_bi-direction) | |
| SLC transporter inhibition (uptake transporters) | |
| Time-dependent inhibition of OATP, IC50 shift assay | |
| Enzyme/Transporter Induction | Cell viability |
| Transporter (CYPs, UGTs, Transporters) Induction | |
| Enzyme activity in human hepatocytes | |
| Enzyme Induction (EC50 assay) | |
| BCS-Biowaiver | Solubility |
| Chemical stability | |
| Caco-2 cell permeability | |
| Bioanalytical service | Method development |
| Method validation | |
| Sample analysis | |
| PK analysis | |
| - | Radiolabeled clinical ADME studies (Mass balance, Metabolite profiling & Identification) |
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